Mexico vacations
Mexico - General Country Information

Introduction
Geography
Travel Weather
People
Government
Economy
Communications
Military
Transnational Issues
Travel Weather
Travel Weather:
|
The best times to visit are usually the months between October and May. This time offers very nice temperatures and yet it is not to humid. The rest of the year usually gets a bit humid to wet. |
Introduction
General Informations:
|
The site of advanced Amerindian civilizations, Mexico came under Spanish rule for three centuries before achieving independence early in the 19th century. A devaluation of the peso in late 1994 threw Mexico into economic turmoil, triggering the worst recession in over half a century. The nation continues to make an impressive recovery. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely Amerindian population in the impoverished southern states. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that the opposition defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) was sworn in on 1 December 2000 as the first chief executive elected in free and fair elections. |
Geography
Location:
|
Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US |
| Coordinates: | 23 00 N, 102 00 W |
| Area: | total: 1,972,550 sq km
land: 1,923,040 sq km water: 49,510 sq km |
| Area Comparative: | slightly less than three times the size of Texas |
| Land Boundaries: | total: 4,353 km
border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,141 km |
| Coastline: | 9,330 km |
| Maritime Claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin |
| Climate: | varies from tropical to desert |
| Terrain: | high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert |
| Elevation Extremes: | lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m
highest point: Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m |
| Natural Resources: | petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber |
| Land Use: | arable land: 12.99%
permanent crops: 1.31% other: 85.7% (2001) |
| Irrigated Land: | 65,000 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Natural Hazards: | tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts |
| Environment Current Issues: | scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; rural to urban migration; natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; deteriorating agricultural lands; serious air and water pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border; land subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion
note: the government considers the lack of clean water and deforestation national security issues |
| Environment International Agreements: | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Note: | strategic location on southern border of US; corn (maize), one of the world's major grain crops, is thought to have originated in Mexico |
People
Population:
|
104,959,594 (July 2004 est.) |
| Age Structure: | total: 24.6 years
male: 23.7 years female: 25.5 years (2004 est.) |
| Population Growth Rate: | 1.18% (2004 est.) |
| Birth Rate: | 21.44 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Death Rate: | 4.73 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Migration Rate: | -4.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Sex Ratio: | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
| Infant Mortality Rate: | total: 21.69 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.63 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
| Expectancy Birth: | total population: 74.94 years
male: 72.18 years female: 77.83 years (2004 est.) |
| Fertility Rate: | 2.49 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| HIV Adult Prevalence Rate: | 0.3% (2003 est.) |
| People Living HIV: | 160,000 (2003 est.) |
| HIV Deaths: | 5,000 (2003 est.) |
| Nationality: | noun: Mexican(s)
adjective: Mexican |
| Ethnic Groups: | mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1% |
| Religions: | nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5% |
| Languages: | Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages |
| Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.2% male: 94% female: 90.5% (2003 est.) |
Gouvernment
Country Name:
|
conventional long form: United Mexican States
conventional short form: Mexico local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos local short form: Mexico |
| Government Type: | federal republic |
| Capital: | Mexico (Distrito Federal) |
| Administrative Divisions: | 31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas |
| Independence: | 16 September 1810 (from Spain) |
| National Holiday: | Independence Day, 16 September (1810) |
| Constitution: | 5 February 1917 |
| Legal System: | mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced) |
| Executive Branch: | chief of state: President Vicente FOX Quesada (since 1 December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Vicente FOX Quesada (since 1 December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; note - appointment of attorney general requires consent of the Senate elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held 2 July 2006) election results: Vicente FOX Quesada elected president; percent of vote - Vicente FOX Quesada (PAN) 42.52%, Francisco LABASTIDA Ochoa (PRI) 36.1%, Cuauhtemoc CARDENAS Solorzano (PRD) 16.64%, other 4.74% |
| Legislative Branch: | bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms, and 32 are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote) and the Federal Chamber of Deputies or Camara Federal de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are directly elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; remaining 200 members are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote, also for three-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 2 July 2000 for all of the seats (next to be held 2 July 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 6 July 2003 (next to be held 2 July 2006) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRI 60, PAN 46, PRD 16, PVEM 5, unassigned 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRI 222, PAN 151, PRD 95, PVEM 17, PT 6, CD 5, unassigned 4; note - special elections were held in December 2003; the PRI and the PRD each won one seat and were each assigned one additional proportional representation seat |
| Judicial Branch: | Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia Nacional (justices or ministros are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate) |
| Political Parties Leaders: | Convergence for Democracy or CD [Dante DELGADO Ranauro]; Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Roberto MADRAZO Pintado]; Mexican Green Ecological Party or PVEM [Jorge Emilio GONZALEZ Martinez]; National Action Party or PAN [Luis Felipe BRAVO Mena]; Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD [Leonel GODOY]; Workers Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez] |
| Political Pressure Groups Leaders: | Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic or COPARMEX; Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN; Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM; Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO; Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations or COECE; Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Chamber of Transformation Industries or CANACINTRA; National Peasant Confederation or CNC; National Union of Workers or UNT; Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers or CROM; Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants or CROC; Roman Catholic Church |
| International Organization Participation: | APEC, BCIE, BIS, CDB, CE (observer), EBRD, FAO, G-3, G-6, G-15, G-19, G-24, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM (observer), NEA, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMOVIC, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
| Diplomatic in US: | chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Carlos Alberto de ICAZA Gonzalez
chancery: 1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: [1] (202) 728-1600 FAX: [1] (202) 728-1698 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso, Houston, Laredo (Texas), Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Nogales (Arizona), Phoenix, Sacramento, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, San Juan (Puerto Rico) consulate(s): Albuquerque, Brownsville (Texas), Calexico (California), Del Rio (Texas), Detroit, Douglas (Arizona), Eagle Pass (Texas), Fresno (California), Indianapolis (Indiana), Kansas City (Missouri), Las Vegas, McAllen (Texas), Omaha, Orlando, Oxnard (California), Philadelphia, Portland (Oregon), Presidio (Texas), Raleigh, Salt Lake City, San Bernardino, Santa Ana (California), Seattle, Tucson, Yuma (Arizona) |
| Diplomatic from US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Antonio O. GARZA
embassy: Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, 06500 Mexico, Distrito Federal mailing address: P. O. Box 9000, Brownsville, TX 78520-0900 telephone: [52] (55) 5080-2000 FAX: [52] (55) 5525-5040 consulate(s) general: Ciudad Juarez, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Tijuana consulate(s): Hermosillo, Matamoros, Merida, Nogales, Nuevo, Laredo |
| Flag Description: | three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak) is centered in the white band |
Economy
Economy Overview:
|
Mexico has a free market economy with a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. Recent administrations have expanded competition in seaports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity generation, natural gas distribution, and airports. Per capita income is one-fourth that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal. Trade with the US and Canada has tripled since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994. Real GDP growth was a weak -0.3% in 2001, 0.9% in 2002, and 1.2% in 2003, with the US slowdown the principal cause. Mexico implemented free trade agreements with Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and the European Free Trade Area in 2001, putting more than 90% of trade under free trade agreements. The government is cognizant of the need to upgrade infrastructure, modernize the tax system and labor laws, and provide incentives to invest in the energy sector, but progress is slow. |
| GDP: | purchasing power parity - $941.2 billion (2003 est.) |
| GDP Growth Rate: | 1.3% (2003 est.) |
| GDP Capital: | purchasing power parity - $9,000 (2003 est.) |
| GDP Composition: | agriculture: 4%
industry: 26.4% services: 69.6% (2003 est.) |
| Investment: | 19.3% of GDP (2003) |
| Population Below Poverty Line: | 40% (2003 est.) |
| Household Income: | lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 35.6% (2002) |
| Gini Index: | 53.1 (1998) |
| Inflation Rate: | 4.5% (2003 est.) |
| Labor Force: | 34.11 million (2003) |
| Labor Force Occupation: | agriculture 18%, industry 24%, services 58% (2003) |
| Unemployment Rate: | 3.3% plus underemployment of perhaps 25% (2003) |
| Budget: | revenues: $148.3 billion
expenditures: $152.4 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.) |
| Public Debt: | 23.1% of GDP (2003) |
| Agriculture Products: | corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products |
| Industries: | food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism |
| Industry Production Growth Rate: | -0.7% (2003 est.) |
| Electricity Production: | 198.6 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity Consumption: | 186.7 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity Exports: | 77 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity Imports: | 2.068 billion kWh (2001) |
| Oil Production: | 3.59 million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil Consumption: | 1.507 million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil Exports: | 1.881 million bbl/day (2001) |
| Oil Imports: | 374,700 bbl/day (2001) |
| Oil Proved Reserves: | 15.11 billion bbl (1 January 2003) |
| Natural Gas Production: | 36.87 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural Gas Consumption: | 38.84 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural Gas Exports: | 254 million cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural Gas Imports: | 2.967 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural Gas Proved Reserves: | 969.2 billion cu m (1 January 2003) |
| Current Account Balance: | $-9.15 billion (2003) |
| Exports: | $164.8 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Exports Commodities: | manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton |
| Exports Partners: | US 87.6%, Canada 1.8%, Germany 1.2% (2003) |
| Imports: | $168.9 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Imports Commodities: | metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts |
| Imports Partners: | US 61.8%, China 5.5%, Japan 4.5% (2003) |
| Reserves: | $59.02 billion (2003) |
| Debt External: | $159.8 billion (2003 est.) |
| Currency: | Mexican peso (MXN) |
| Currency Code: | MXN |
| Exchange Rates: | Mexican pesos per US dollar - 10.789 (2003), 9.656 (2002), 9.3423 (2001), 9.4556 (2000), 9.5604 (1999) |
| Fiscal Year: | calendar year |
Communications
Telephones Lines Use:
|
15,958,700 (2003) |
| Mobile Cellular: | 28.125 million (2003) |
| Telephone System: | general assessment: low telephone density with about 15.2 main lines per 100 persons; privatized in December 1990; the opening to competition in January 1997 improved prospects for development, but Telemex remains dominant
domestic: adequate telephone service for business and government, but the population is poorly served; mobile subscribers far outnumber fixed-line subscribers; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network; considerable use of fiber-optic cable and coaxial cable international: country code - 52; satellite earth stations - 32 Intelsat, 2 Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to South America, Central America, and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications), numerous Inmarsat mobile earth stations; linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections; high capacity Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Morocco, Spain, and Italy (1997) |
| Radio Stations: | AM 850, FM 545, shortwave 15 (2003) |
| Television Stations: | 236 (plus repeaters) (1997) |
| Internet Code: | .mx |
| Internet Hosts: | 1,333,406 (2003) |
| Internet Users: | 10.033 million (2002) |
Transportation
Military
Military Branches:
|
National Defense Secretariat (Sedena) (including Army and Air Force), Navy Secretariat (including Naval Air and Marines) |
| Military Age Obligation: | 18 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary enlistment (2004) |
| Military Availability: | males age 15-49: 27,374,153 (2004 est.) |
| Fit Military Service: | males age 15-49: 19,755,614 (2004 est.) |
| Reaching Military Age Annually: | males: 1,055,368 (2004 est.) |
| Military Expenditures Dollar Figure: | $5,168.3 million (2003) |
| Military Expenditures Percent GDP: | 0.9% (2003) |
Transnational Issues
Disputes International:
|
prolonged drought, population growth, and outmoded practices and infrastructure in the border region have strained water-sharing arrangements with the US; nationals from Central America slip into Mexico seeking work or transit into the US; undocumented Mexican nationals continue to enter the United States |
| Illicit Drugs: | illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 2001 - 4,400 hectares; potential heroin production - 7 metric tons) and of cannabis (in 2001 - 4,100 hectares); government eradication efforts have been key in keeping illicit crop levels low; major supplier of heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America, accounting for about 70 percent of estimated annual cocaine movement to the US; major drug syndicates control majority of drug trafficking throughout the country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant money-laundering center |
Mexico - Travel Guides by Cities
Abasolo
Acambaro
Acapulco
Agua Prieta
Aguascalientes
Akumal
Alamos
Altamira
Apizaco
Apodaca
Buenavista
Cabo San Lucas
Campeche
Cananea
Cancun
Catemaco
Celaya
Celestun
Chapala
Chetumal
Chiapas
Chihuahua
Chilpancingo
Cholula
Ciudad Acuna
Ciudad Del Carmen
Ciudad Guzman
Ciudad Juarez
Ciudad Madero
Ciudad Mante
Ciudad Obregon
Ciudad Valles
Ciudad Victoria
Coatepec
Coatzacoalcos
Coba
Colima
Comitan
Cordoba
Coyoacan
Cozumel
Creel
Cuernavaca
Culiacan
Delicias
Durango
El Fuerte
El Rosario
Empalme
Fresnillo
Gomez Palacio
Guamuchil
Guanajuato
Guasave
Guaymas
Guerrero Negro
Hermosillo
Hidalgo
Huamantla
Acambaro
Acapulco
Agua Prieta
Aguascalientes
Akumal
Alamos
Altamira
Apizaco
Apodaca
Buenavista
Cabo San Lucas
Campeche
Cananea
Cancun
Catemaco
Celaya
Celestun
Chapala
Chetumal
Chiapas
Chihuahua
Chilpancingo
Cholula
Ciudad Acuna
Ciudad Del Carmen
Ciudad Guzman
Ciudad Juarez
Ciudad Madero
Ciudad Mante
Ciudad Obregon
Ciudad Valles
Ciudad Victoria
Coatepec
Coatzacoalcos
Coba
Colima
Comitan
Cordoba
Coyoacan
Cozumel
Creel
Cuernavaca
Culiacan
Delicias
Durango
El Fuerte
El Rosario
Empalme
Fresnillo
Gomez Palacio
Guamuchil
Guanajuato
Guasave
Guaymas
Guerrero Negro
Hermosillo
Hidalgo
Huamantla
Huatabampo
Huatulco
Irapuato
Isla Mujeres
Ixtapa
Ixtepec
Jalapa
Jiutepec
Juan Aldama
Juarez
La Paz
La Piedad
Lazaro Cardenas
Leon
Lerdo
Linares
Loreto
Los Mochis
Matamoros
Matehuala
Maxcanu
Mazatlan
Merida
Metepec
Mexicali
Mexico
Mexico City
Mexico-overview
Mexico-traveltips
Minatitlan
Monclova
Monterrey
Morelia
Morelos
Mulege
Naucalpan
Navojoa
Nezahualcoyotl
Nogales
Nueva Casas Grandes
Nuevo Laredo
Nuevo Leon
Oaxaca
Ocotlan
Orizaba
Pachuca
Palenque
Parral
Patzcuaro
Piedras Negras
Pochutla
Poza Rica
Progreso
Puebla
Puerto Escondido
Puerto Juarez
Puerto Morelos
Puerto Nuevo
Puerto Penasco
Huatulco
Irapuato
Isla Mujeres
Ixtapa
Ixtepec
Jalapa
Jiutepec
Juan Aldama
Juarez
La Paz
La Piedad
Lazaro Cardenas
Leon
Lerdo
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Nogales
Nueva Casas Grandes
Nuevo Laredo
Nuevo Leon
Oaxaca
Ocotlan
Orizaba
Pachuca
Palenque
Parral
Patzcuaro
Piedras Negras
Pochutla
Poza Rica
Progreso
Puebla
Puerto Escondido
Puerto Juarez
Puerto Morelos
Puerto Nuevo
Puerto Penasco
Puerto Vallarta
Queretaro
Reynosa
Rosario
Rosarito
Salamanca
Salina Cruz
Saltillo
San Blas
San Francisco
San Ignacio
San Luis Potosi
San Luis Rio Colorado
San Miguel De Cozumel
San Nicolas
San Nicolas De Los Garza
San Quintin
Santa Rosalia
Santiago
Sayula
Silao
Tampico
Tapachula
Taxco
Tecate
Tehuacan
Tehuantepec
Teotihuacan
Tepatitlan
Tepic
Tijuana
Tizimin
Tlalnepantla
Tlaquepaque
Tlaxcala
Todos Santos
Toluca
Torreon
Tula
Tulancingo
Tulum
Tuxpan
Tuxtla Gutierrez
Uruapan
Uxmal
Valladolid
Valle De Santiago
Valles
Veracruz
Villa Constitucion
Villahermosa
Xalapa
Yucatan
Zacatecas
Zamora
Zapopan
Zihuatanejo
Zitacuaro
Queretaro
Reynosa
Rosario
Rosarito
Salamanca
Salina Cruz
Saltillo
San Blas
San Francisco
San Ignacio
San Luis Potosi
San Luis Rio Colorado
San Miguel De Cozumel
San Nicolas
San Nicolas De Los Garza
San Quintin
Santa Rosalia
Santiago
Sayula
Silao
Tampico
Tapachula
Taxco
Tecate
Tehuacan
Tehuantepec
Teotihuacan
Tepatitlan
Tepic
Tijuana
Tizimin
Tlalnepantla
Tlaquepaque
Tlaxcala
Todos Santos
Toluca
Torreon
Tula
Tulancingo
Tulum
Tuxpan
Tuxtla Gutierrez
Uruapan
Uxmal
Valladolid
Valle De Santiago
Valles
Veracruz
Villa Constitucion
Villahermosa
Xalapa
Yucatan
Zacatecas
Zamora
Zapopan
Zihuatanejo
Zitacuaro
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Top 4 Mexico Destinations